The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects.įirst documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Though they remained separate, the two states cooperate on many matters to this day.īerlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. There was an unsuccessful attempt to unify the two states in 1996.
The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.
Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits.
Berlin ( / b ɜːr ˈ l ɪ n/ bur- LIN, German: ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population.
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